From college and campus ministry, through seminary, and into parish ministry, I became increasingly aware of the damage done by some theologies within the church: specifically, the "Believe in Jesus or to go Hell" theologies. Knowing people who turned away from the church and from God because they'd been lambasted by such theologies, I decided to address those beliefs head on and look deeply at scripture, rather than simply ignore the tricky passages.
My goal was and is to bring healing to folks who have been harmed by those older, even foundational theologies, and to help free people from those theologies - people who don't believe in "believe in Jesus or go to Hell", but also don't know how they can't believe in them without ignoring much of scripture.
May you find peace and healing in the pages of this book, and may you help bring that healing to others.
The Rev. Brad Sullivan Lord of the Streets, Houston April 19, 2026 3 Easter 1 Peter 1:17-23 Psalm 116:1-3, 10-17 Luke 24:13-35
Cleopas and his companion didn’t recognize Jesus until they ate dinner together. Prior to that, they had walked together. They had talked about Jesus together. They had talked about the scriptures together. At no point during all of that time, however, did those two disciples recognize Jesus. Then, when they sat down and had a meal together, suddenly they realized Jesus was sitting with them. When they shared a meal together, they realized Jesus had been with them the whole day.
Something about having meals together is pretty important. When God freed the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt, it began with a meal. Countless times, Jesus had meals with people. He ate with wretched and sinful folk, showing them during those meals a better way to live, helping to heal them as he did. Jesus’ last gathering with his disciples before his arrest was over the Passover meal, and he told them to remember him through the meals they shared.
Author and Ph.D., Diana Butler Bass wrote a piece called “Maybe the Meal Is the Point,” and in that piece, she wrote that after Jesus’ resurrection:
They never return to the cross. Jesus never took them back to the site of the execution. He never gathered his followers at Calvary, never pointed to the bloodstained hill. He never [gave glory to] the events of Friday. He never mentioned Friday. Yes, wounds remain, but how he got them isn’t stated. Instead, almost all the post-resurrection appearances — which are joyful and celebratory and conversational —take place at the upper room table or at other tables and meals.
Dr. Bass went on to say that maybe the meal was the point. Many see it as simply the lead up to Good Friday, seeing Jesus last Passover meal with his disciples as simply a last meal before the important part on the cross.
What if we got that order of importance wrong? Dr. Bass asks. She sees that Passover meal that Jesus has with his disciples on Thursday as “the opening meal of the new age, in a community of mutual service, reciprocity, equality, abundance, generosity, and unending thanksgiving.”
A meal is how Jesus described life in God’s kingdom. That goes for life now and life after death. God’s kingdom is seen as people sharing meals together. A great feast. A simple meal. Joining together to break bread with one another is life in God’s kingdom. So, that’s the meal Jesus had with his disciples on Thursday night before his crucifixion, and Dr. Bass sees that meal as one which declares God’s kingdom as a new kingdom living in this world, different from all the kingdoms of empire.
Now, by empire, I mean any great kingdom or institution which exerts power and dominance over others.
For the early Church, the biggest of these was the Roman Empire, and though the church was living the kingdom of God, the church didn’t try to destroy the Roman Empire. Instead, the church lived among it and beyond it. Even though the empire was going to be oppressive and control people’s lives, the church was going to be liberating, freeing people to love and serve one another. The church freed people not to live according to the rules of empire.
In the rules of empire, there are a few people are at the top, most of the people are at the bottom, and the power and authority of those at the top is inflicted upon those at the bottom.
The church didn’t operate this way. Jesus had meals with people, and he didn’t care who sat with who. Jesus ate with people he wasn’t supposed to, according to the rules of empire, the rules of society which like to group the good people and the bad people, the worthy and the unworthy, the sinners and the righteous. Jesus didn’t go for that. He just ate with folks. He shared meals of God’s kingdom, all of God’s kingdom with all of God’s people.
That’s how we’re called to be, living in the kingdom of God. For us in the church today, in the United States, we have a church that is meant to be separate from empire. The United States is not an empire like Rome was, but as a nation, it does follow many of the ways of power and dominance that mark empire.
Empire says conquer your enemies. Bless those who curse you is not exactly the way of this nation.
Empires says maintain your power over others, and use force to stay ahead if need be. Blessed are the meek; blessed are the peacemakers; and give to the one who asks of you, and do not refuse anyone who wants to borrow from you; those things aren’t exactly the way of this nation.
The way of Jesus is different from the way of empire. That hasn’t stopped many Christians, however, from trying to tie the church to the nation and letting the way of empire be the way of church for them. Power, authority, control: these are the ways of empire that some in the church try to use as extensions of the nation.
Forcing others to follow your beliefs wasn’t the way of Jesus. The way of Jesus was sharing a joyful Passover meal with his friends on Thursday. The way of empire came on Friday, forcing the will of the powerful and killing Jesus for doing his religion wrong.
There are many times that parts of the church have fallen to the way of empire, choosing power, authority, and control over the ways of Jesus. There’s the obvious time when the church became the official religion of the Roman Empire, obviously choosing power, authority, and control. There are times when preachers start declaring power over other people, declaring who gets to go to Heaven and who will go to Hell. Pastors and preachers who tell us who will be damned are choosing the way of empire, rather than the way of Jesus. Jesus said not to ask who will go to heaven and who will go to the abyss. Rather, Jesus said to sit down and have meals together with people.
I was shown a video last week of a person who was upset that the Pope had gone to a mosque in Algiers and had paused for silent meditation while there. The Pope said to the head of the Mosque, “I thank you for these reflections and for these important words during this visit, from a place that represents the space that belongs to God, a divine and sacred space, where many people come to pray and to seek the presence of the Most High in their lives.” He expressed ‘hope that peace, justice, reconciliation and forgiveness would grow among peoples.’
That’s what this person had a problem with. The Pope visited a Mosque, said a silent prayer, gave thanks for that house of worship, and gave hope for peace, justice, reconciliation, and forgiveness. The person who had a problem with the Pope’s visit noted that there had been killing of Christians by Muslims in the past and indicated that because of that, the Pope shouldn’t have been there seeking peace and honoring them.
Well, this person was giving great examples of the way of empire. Don’t forgive your enemies; keep seeing them as enemy decades and even centuries later. Stay away from them, unless you aim to conquer them. That may be the way of empire, but it sure as shootin’ ain’t the way of Jesus. Love your enemies. Bless those who persecute you. Try having a meal together and seek peace, for blessed are the peacemakers.
We aren’t people of empire. We’re people of resurrection. We’re people of peace. We’re people of meals together, meals of love and hope, meals of justice and peace, meals of reconciliation and forgiveness. That’s how Jesus appears to us in the kingdom of God, in the love we have for one another, in the peace we make, in the meals we share.
The Rev. Brad Sullivan Lord of the Streets, Houston April 5, 2026 Easter Colossians 3:1-4 Psalm 118:1-2, 14-24 Matthew 28:1-10
Yesterday, I was reflecting on Good Friday, on the crucifixion of Jesus, and while I often feel rather somber or a little sad when thinking on Jesus’ death, I instead felt a sense of gratitude for Jesus’ crucifixion. Gratitude and peace, rather than the emotional turmoil of cry night. Now, if you haven’t heard me mention cry night before, that’s the night at various youth camps, or even adult camps, where the leaders get all the youth to cry about all the bad things they’ve done and how they were the ones who killed Jesus.
Ok, the idea of taking our sin seriously is a good one, and leading people to repentance for their sin, helping people see the damage they have done, also good. Emotionally manipulating tired teenagers to ensure a tearful response to Jesus’ crucifixion and death, however, may not be the best approach in the world. Also, while tears, sorrow, and guilt are totally appropriate responses to Jesus’ crucifixion and death, they are not the only appropriate responses.
Yesterday, on Holy Saturday, thinking of Jesus in the tomb, I felt a profound sense of gratitude. Jesus died to join with us in death. God experienced death to join with us in death. So, I felt gratitude, rather than guilt. When my dad died, he was not alone in death. God was with him in death because in Jesus, God died a human death so that even in death, we are joined with God.
So today, on Easter Sunday, as we celebrate Jesus’ resurrection, returning to life from the dead, I find that I can trust Easter because of Good Friday and Holy Saturday. I can trust in Jesus’ resurrection because Jesus joined with us in death. I can trust in new life after death because Jesus walks with us in death.
At the same time, with resurrection life, we don’t really dwell on the death. Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to the tomb, and the angel who was there told them, to go take a look at see that Jesus wasn’t there, but after that, they weren’t supposed to hang around the tomb, turning it into a shrine, and praising God there. No, they were told to go away from the place of death, meet Jesus, and live new life.
“Jesus died for our sins.” “Jesus died for our sins.” “Jesus died for our sins.” We hear that over and over, and yes, that is true, but what’s really important is Jesus lived. Jesus came back from the grave to keep on living. So, we are not meant to dwell in the grave. We are meant to live. Beyond the grave, past the grave, after all the many deaths in our lives, Jesus’ resurrection tells us to mourn death for a time and then to leave the tomb behind and move forward into new life.
Now, what will that new life look like? Well, resurrection after our physical deaths, new life in God’s eternal kingdom, end of time type resurrection, we’re talking joy, bliss, huge banquet, surrounded and enveloped in love, tears no longer will fall type of new life.
Regarding our lives, here on earth, we suffer various deaths throughout our lives, and the new life of resurrection happens for those deaths too, and that’s going to look different for all of us, each time that new life happens, but there are some things that seem to mark the new life of resurrection.
When Mary Magdalene and the other Mary left the tomb, they were filled with joy at the news Jesus had given them. New life of resurrection is marked with joy. That doesn’t mean that the two Marys, happy for the rest of their lives. Even after they saw Jesus, they had times of sorrow in their lives. The new life of resurrection is still life. There will be times of happiness, times of sorrow.
In fact, former Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, said, “God doesn’t want us to be happy.” See, of God wants us to be happy, then we deserve happiness, and happiness becomes an end in itself. Rather than happiness as a result of relationships, or achievement, or growth, we desire happiness just because we want to feel happy.
That sounds like addiction. Archbishop Williams noted the problem of expecting happiness from anything and everything in our lives. Relationships are supposed to make us happy. A concert or a game is supposed to make us happy. Then if it doesn’t, we end up resenting it. After 10 years of marriage, does that person make you happy? Well, one, it’s not their job to make you happy, so really asking, “Does this person make me happy?” is the wrong question. A better question would be, after 10 years of marriage, do you feel at home? That’s joy, and joy rumbles along underneath in our lives, even with challenges and trials on the surface.
So, a resurrection life is a life marked with joy, and a life marked with joy is a life marked with hope, with love. A life of joy is a life which accepts sorrow not as the end or the final way we will feel, and a life of joy does not expect happiness to be the way we will feel all the time. A life of joy finds fulfillment in relationships, feeling at home. A life of joy is a life of hope and love, feeling at home during times of happiness and sadness.
Another mark of the new life of resurrection is that there are barriers that are no longer present in the new life. In the new life of resurrection, the two Marys were the first apostles. The first two people Jesus appeared to and sent to tell about his resurrection were Mary Magdalene and the other Mary, as Matthew calls her. In the new life of resurrection, women were leaders in the church, until men decided they didn’t want that, relegated women to lesser roles and determined since Jesus was a man, only men could lead the church. They were looking to the old life of power struggle and one group trying to be more holy and more blessed than the other.
In the new life of resurrection, we are all blessed by God because we are all made in God’s image, and we have all been united to God through every part of our lives through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. Truth is, we know from scripture that we already were all blessed by God, we already were all made in God’s image, and we already were all united to God. We just wouldn’t believe it. In the new life of resurrection, Jesus invites us to accept our blessedness, to accept the image of God in which we are made, and to accept our unity with God and one another.
Finally, in the new life of resurrection, there is unexpected blessing. Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went from the tomb in joy because the angel had told them that Jesus had been raised from the dead, and suddenly, unexpectedly, Jesus met them, showed them that he truly had been raised, told them not to be afraid, and placed on them the mantle of apostles to the apostles. Unexpected blessing.
That meant letting go of the past, letting go of their former life and embracing this new life of apostle to the apostles. That meant a death for them, a death of their old life in embracing their new life.
For us, whenever a loved one dies, whenever the path we thought our life would take dies, whenever the assumed future that we think we will have dies, we are encouraged to let go of the past, to let go of our former life, learn to embrace our new life.
A young man I know is headed down a dark path of addiction and stealing, and it may already be too late for him to avoid jail. His parents have had to call the police as he keeps stealing from them and despite all their good efforts, he just keeps at it. For them, the death is letting go of the thought that they can help their son get off this path when he simply won’t choose to get off. For them, the death is accepting that their son may end up spending time in jail and may end up spiraling even further after that. For them, this means letting go of whatever future they thought they would have with their son and accepting the future that will come because of their son’s actions.
What will new life look like? They don’t know, and they are mourning. They are looking to the future with hope of some kind of resurrection, with no expectation of what that will be, and right now they are mourning.
We get to mourn. We get to return to the tomb, just as the Marys did, but we don’t stay in the tomb. We don't stay with cry night. We move forward into the life of resurrection that is coming. It may take longer than three days, and it won’t be happy all the time, but new life after death can be joyful. New life of resurrection is a life with joy rumbling beneath the surface. New life of resurrection is a life in which we look around after a time and realize, “I’m home.” New life of resurrection is life in which some of who we were and the ways we knew were right may not be anymore, and the new life of resurrection is life in which we find unexpected blessing.
Unexpected blessing like God choosing to die with us so that we are not alone even in death. Unexpected blessing like Jesus being resurrected so we can look to the future with hope and joy. Letting go of the past, releasing our fear of death, we can embrace the new life of resurrection and find that we are home.
The Rev. Brad Sullivan Lord of the Streets, Houston April 2, 2026 Maundy Thursday Exodus 12:1-4, (5-10), 11-14 Psalm 116:1, 10-17 John 13:1-17, 31b-35
So, I know we don't actually talk about Peter denying Jesus, after his arrest, until tomorrow, on Good Friday, but I'm skipping ahead a little bit in the story because there are many ways we get to deny Jesus throughout our lives. Sure, there’s the obvious stuff like saying, “I no longer believe in Jesus,” but what about the less obvious ways where we deny Jesus by how we choose to follow Jesus?
I know that sounds strange, denying Jesus by how we choose to follow Jesus, but what about when we choose to follow Jesus by praying against all of the evil ones whom Jesus is going to send to damnation? It’s one thing when hurting or angry to pray against people, and Jesus hopefully comforts us in those prayers, and we get to give that hatred and anger as our offering to God. Then, Jesus reminds us to pray for the healing of our enemies, and we follow as Jesus’ disciples by offering that sometimes difficult prayer of blessing and God’s will upon even our enemies.
So, praying against our enemies to get our anger out, that’s one thing, but what about when we pray for the eternal damnation of our enemies with the absolute conviction that we are right and that Jesus truly is going to condemn those evil ones? That’s when we are denying Jesus, because we are praying and believing completely against how Jesus taught us to pray and believe.
Pray for your enemies. Bless those who persecute you. Don’t judge others as worthy of eternal damnation; we’re all a bunch of screw ups here, what the hell do any of us know. Those were the teachings of Jesus, so when we claim to know better and to pray in ways and judge people in ways that Jesus expressly told us not to, we are denying Jesus.
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What about when we declare that a war is being fought in Jesus’ name? Jesus, who said, “Put your swords away,” when enemies came to arrest him. Jesus who chose to be killed rather than summon hosts of angels to kill his murderers. Jesus who said, “Those who live by the sword will die by the sword,” aka, war and killing people actually aren’t terribly great ideas. When we declare a war is being fought in Jesus’ name, we are denying Jesus, denying who he is and what he taught.
What about when we look at others with contempt or even indifference. You don’t matter; your needs don’t matter; I have everything I need, and if you’d just work harder, you would too, but you’re too lazy; I deserve my good things and you deserve your bad things; you’re not worth my time or effort. When we treat other people that way, we are denying Jesus who said, “Whatever you have done to the least of these, you have done to me.”
What about when we determine that any of our success and wealth that we get through our success and wealth-making efforts are all thanks to Jesus blessing us for our faithfulness? As much as we may be trying to give praise and glory to God, when we claim all of our riches and success are because we are particularly faithful to Jesus, we are actually denying Jesus, who never promised us success or wealth as a reward for faithfulness. No, when we claim God’s favor on us for being more successful and wealthier than others, we’re actually just claiming to be better than others, not only in our own eyes but also in God’s eyes.
Jesus didn’t say people will know we are his disciples by how strong our belief is in him. Jesus didn’t say people will know we are his disciples by how holy and righteous we are. Jesus certainly didn’t say people will know we are his disciples by how rich we get through all our rich-getting efforts, claiming that Jesus is the one blessing us with riches.
No, Jesus said people will know we are his disciples by how we love one another.
To illustrate this point, Jesus took the role of a servant during his last Passover meal with his disciples. He washed their feet and told them that if they didn’t let him wash their feet, they had no share in him. Not letting Jesus wash their feet was denying Jesus. Then, Jesus told them to wash one another’s feet, meaning they should serve one another. They should love one another and live out that love by actually, physically caring for one another.
Of course, we’re not very good at caring for other people if we are not cared for ourselves. So, Jesus told his disciples, you gotta let me wash you first. Be good sheep that you may be good shepherds. If we don’t let Jesus care for us and then assume we’re gonna care for others, we’re denying Jesus just as surely as Peter did after Jesus was arrested.
Love one another, Jesus taught. That’s how we proclaim Jesus in the world, by loving other people. Eventually we may get to tell folks that we believe in Jesus, if they ask, if they want to know, but our proclamation is first about loving other people. Our proclamation is not first about evangelizing other people or saving other people; Jesus already took care of that. Our proclamation is first about loving other people, continuing to live the healing love that Jesus lived. Our proclamation is to draw near to Jesus to be loved by Jesus in prayer, in rest, in scripture, in service, in fellowship, in adversity, in joy, and in sorrow, we draw near to Jesus to be loved by Jesus and to share that love with others.
Then, in those times when we do deny Jesus, because we all do, we repent. We return to the love of Jesus to share that love. When we deny Jesus by deciding which humans are bad and deserving of damnation, we return to Jesus with humility, choosing to see them as beloved, not damned. When we deny Jesus by deciding that our enemies or those others that we view with contempt are not worthy of Jesus’ love, we return to Jesus with humility, choosing to see Jesus in those other people, respecting their dignity. When we deny Jesus by determining that our blessings are due to our great faithfulness (and therefore other less-blessed people must not be as faithful), we return to Jesus with humility, choosing to trust Jesus not because of our success or failures but because Jesus showed us the way of love.
In Jesus, God said, I choose to join with you in every part of your lives, including being hated, tortured, and killed. Such is God’s love for us, and so Jesus said, “Love one another as I have loved you.”
